A Brief Introduction to Chinese Teaching in Hungary
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Chinese language teaching in Hungary began in the 1950s. After more than half a century of development, Chinese has now become part of Hungarian education, both in primary and secondary schools. Eötvös Loránd University offers Chinese language courses, as do Kavinius University, the School of Foreign Trade, the University of Szeged, the University of Debrecen, and the Dharma Gate Buddhist Academy. The Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School is the only public school in Europe to teach both the local language and Chinese, marking the integration of Chinese language into the Hungarian national education system at both primary and secondary levels. Last year, Chinese language became a compulsory second foreign language in the classrooms of the Eötvös Loránd University High School. This has established a Chinese language teaching system that begins at the Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School, transitions to the Eötvös Loránd University High School, and continues with the study of Chinese language and literature at the Department of East Asian Studies at Eötvös Loránd University.
The main Chinese language teaching institutions for the general public include the Confucius Institute at Eötvös Loránd University and the School of Oriental Languages. Currently, the Confucius Institute at Eötvös Loránd University offers Chinese classes at eight universities and over ten secondary schools in Hungary, and plans to open Confucius Classrooms at other universities, making Chinese language learning accessible throughout Hungary. The Confucius Institute not only provides Chinese language courses for students of all ages but also assists the general public in learning Chinese. For example, it offers Chinese language courses for corporate employees and Chinese language training courses for government departments.
The Oriental Language School is Hungary's largest Chinese language training institution and a key hub for the spread of Chinese language in the country. It primarily attracts Hungarians interested in Chinese language and culture. The school hosts an annual Spring Festival Gala, featuring performances of Chinese arts such as lion dancing and Tai Chi, providing an important window for Hungarians to experience Chinese culture.
Currently, Chinese language teachers in Hungary are primarily composed of three groups:
1. Chinese teachers and volunteers dispatched by Hanban
Currently, Hanban has dispatched a total of 20 Chinese language teachers and volunteers to work in Hungary, including four Confucius Institute teachers and 16 volunteers. They are the backbone of local Chinese language teaching, shouldering a large teaching load, delivering effective teaching results, earning the trust of learners and parents, and effectively guiding and promoting the development of Chinese language teaching in the region.
2. Overseas Chinese teachers
This constitutes the majority of the local Chinese language teaching staff. They typically have teaching experience in China and, drawing on Hungarian teaching practices, have accumulated extensive frontline teaching experience. However, most lack formal professional background in second language teaching, resulting in varying degrees of teaching quality. High staff turnover has led to instability in the teaching environment, and they currently serve only as a transitional force.
3. Local teachers
Currently, there are approximately 10 local Hungarian teachers, representing a new force in the Hungarian Chinese language teaching workforce. These Hungarian Chinese teachers have systematically studied Chinese language knowledge and hold doctoral or master's degrees. Many have studied in China for long or short periods. Before starting their teaching careers, they have taken assessments and obtained language teaching certificates issued by the Hungarian education authorities. They are able to communicate effectively with local Chinese learners, adopt appropriate teaching methods from the learners' perspective, and guide learners to learn Chinese effectively.
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